What it is
A short, honest summary.
- —TBI kisi external force se brain ka damage hai — road accident, girna, sports impact, ya assault.
- —Injuries mild, moderate, severe classify hoti hain — par har TBI apni tasveer khud hai.
- —Asar movement, cognition, behaviour, fatigue, neend aur mood tak failte hain. Rehabilitation multi-disciplinary hai.
What families notice
The signals worth taking seriously.
- 01Event ke hafton baad bhi lagataar sirdard, chakkar, ya fatigue
- 02Memory ya concentration mein badlaav
- 03Mood swings, chidchidapan, ya kam motivation
- 04Neend mein gadbadi, ya roshni aur awaaz ke prati sensitivity
- 05Jo activity pehle aasaan thi, usmein dikkat
My approach
How the work is structured.
- —Fatigue management ke hisaab se raftaar di gayi cognitive-physical rehabilitation.
- —Goal-directed motor training — balance, gait, fine motor kaam.
- —Jahaan chakkar tasveer ka hissa ho, wahaan vestibular kaam.
- —Neurologist, psychologist aur occupational therapist ke saath coordination.
What recovery looks like
A plain-language picture.
“TBI recovery non-linear hai. Plateaus asli hain, par saalon baad ki breakthroughs bhi. Brain ek dheemi, lagataar timeline par marammat karta rehta hai.”
FAQ
Common questions, answered briefly.
- Teen mahine pehle mujhe ek 'mild' concussion hua tha aur ab bhi theek nahi lagta. Kya yeh normal hai?
- Haan, concussion ke baad bane rehne waale symptoms aam aur treatable hain. Vestibular, visual aur cognitive kaam aam taur par tasveer hal kar deta hai.
- Kya severe TBI patients dobara independent reh sakte hain?
- Bahut se rehte hain, paryaapt samay aur sahi rehabilitation ke saath. Hum nazdeeki goals tay karte hain aur imaandaari se re-evaluate karte hain.
For clinicians
Clinical detail, assessment and evidence.
Clinical summary
The picture in clinician register.
TBI produces a heterogeneous picture of focal and diffuse injury — contusion, diffuse axonal injury, and secondary insult from oedema and hypoxia. Rehabilitation-relevant sequelae span motor, cognitive, behavioural and autonomic domains, with fatigue and poor exertion tolerance as cross-cutting limiters. Recovery is non-linear over months to years; intensity is titrated against cognitive and autonomic load, not motor capacity alone.
Terminology
Terms worth being precise about.
- Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)
- Period of impaired memory after injury; its duration is a key severity and prognostic marker.
- Diffuse axonal injury
- Widespread shearing of axons; a common substrate of cognitive and arousal deficits.
- Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity
- Episodic autonomic storming after severe TBI; activity must be paced around it.
- Executive dysfunction
- Impaired planning, initiation and self-monitoring; shapes how programmes are structured.
Assessment aur measures
What the first sessions measure.
- —GCS and PTA duration as severity anchors; Rancho Los Amigos level for cognitive stage.
- —Functional status with the FIM; high-level mobility with the High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool where appropriate.
- —Balance with the Berg Balance Scale; vestibular and oculomotor screen where dizziness features.
- —Graded exertion tolerance — symptom response, not motor capacity, sets the ceiling.
Red flags
Signs that need urgent escalation.
- Progressive headache with vomiting or a falling level of consciousness — raised intracranial pressure.
- New seizure activity.
- Pupillary asymmetry or a rapidly worsening focal deficit.
- CSF leak from the nose or ear after a skull-base injury.
Referral aur MDT
When and to whom to refer.
Neurosurgery for any deterioration. Neuropsychology for cognitive and behavioural rehabilitation; speech-and-language therapy and occupational therapy; physiatry for spasticity management; vocational rehabilitation to support return to work.
Evidence
References and guideline anchors.
- Multidisciplinary TBI rehabilitation outcomes — PLACEHOLDER — verify against current guidelines before launch.